From the U.S. software industry can be seen, the software industry has structured production (1975 -1 995), the process-centered mode of production (1985 -2 005) and industrial production (1995 - present), etc. 3 stages.
China's software organizations in the software process of the present situation can be summarized as the following three aspects: First, China is produced by the structured approach to process-centered mode of production and industrial production forward. At present, many enterprises (whether state or private companies) recognized that in accordance with the CMM software process improvement, implementation of scientific and systematic management, to improve the organization's software capability maturity, it shows that with a strong driving force to improve the self. Second, the current along the way there are still some difficulties, as some organizations want to improve the ability of ISO9000 and CMM maturity, but they are not familiar with the concept of CMM, CMM and ISO9000 do not know exactly what difference between. Most software organizations in the software engineering theory and practice are rather weak, although the establishment of a software process, but the process stage is not obvious, software production disorder, on schedule, budget, forecast and control the quality of no force, often in the face of question to give up the original plan, attention to programming and testing, ignore the requirement analysis and architecture design. Senior management of the software management not enough attention, not equipped with adequate resources or qualified personnel to undertake the process of improvement. Third, the lack of documented process description, in particular the lack of working documents (such as process change requests report), workload statistics documents (such as time and workload of the tables, weeks status reports) and risk management documents (such as the risk estimates report, risk evaluation report). Lack of process and product measurement, software process, very little historical data, it is difficult to workload based on historical data and reasonable estimate of progress. Various software organizations should be based on the current state of knowledge, according to CMM standards to identify gaps. Where the gap is not mature enough, nor is the software process management should be strengthened to improve the place.
Software process improvement is a component of the work contains a lot of management technology, which includes the following three key steps: comparing the current state and expected to achieve the status, identify gaps; to determine which of the gap to change, to change to what degree; develop specific implementation plans accordingly, including the "specific" means: to have a clear, verifiable goals; to set testing standards for success; have specific means of implementation; specific implementation plan of the person designated and clearly the specific responsibilities and tasks; to clear the main leaders of the implementation plan or coordinator to be responsible for implementation of the plan to solve the problems; to list "implementation plan" by the application of new technologies and new tools and how to obtain these new technologies and new tools.
China's software industry in the ascendant, the implementation of CMM in the starting line to change the culture of China's software engineering to improve the quality of software personnel, not only of great significance to our economy, but also to improve the quality of software enterprises, and enhance the international competitiveness of software enterprises the necessary precondition but also for the software to create the conditions for export. CMM is a better software to improve the framework, but CMM is given only to do, and did not give what to do. Therefore necessary to seriously study how to follow the CMM model to the specific operation problems.
To better understand the CMM, to improve software organization's process management skills, successfully passed the CMM assessment, based on our assessment of CMM research and practice, given the following recommendations: senior management should focus more attention on process improvement, full-time set up process improvement teams. This is because the ideas and process improvement is the change in the way work is changing the corporate culture, which involves most of the enterprise staff. On the other hand due to the process of industrial production for the center is the software one of the three pillars, only attach great importance to strengthen the research, study and practice, to really make software production to industrialization direction.
In software process improvement should be equipped with the necessary resources, to establish a sizable improvement team, the investment should be to achieve sufficient strength. Within the organization, we must first set up the software engineering process group (called SEPG), responsible for software process improvement task, and selection of qualified personnel as full-time SEPG team leader. According to foreign experience, most organizations need to account for the software development resources 5% to 10%, according to the world, the assessment of nearly 1,800 organizations proved to evaluate the effectiveness of CMM is the input of 4 times to 8 times.
The appropriate organizational structure, research in software engineering and software process improvement method is responsible for the development and implementation of process improvement plans, they are assessing the activities of the enterprise specific organizer. In the implementation of the plan process, pay attention to check its compliance, eg the event 鍋忕 should look for causes and take corrective action, they conduct your business Dingqi process diagnostics 鍐呴儴 appraisers and business process improvements to monitor the activities were.
To strengthen the training and conduct of the Capability Maturity Assessment have both high quality Director, appraisers, must be quite the process evaluation team, there must be a huge process improvement teams. To recognize that only qualified personnel to implement a good process maturity in order to produce a good product, should be generally carried out based on CMM and software engineering training to the personnel of each post with the process of improving the awareness and control are necessary process improvement knowledge and skills.
The data are the basis for process improvement, should pay attention to process and product measurement process. The project throughout the development process, especially in the landmark office, to the implementation of the data collection process, recording activities in the state, not only for the current project's measurement and analysis of data, but also as the historical data retained for reference for future projects. These data include: software size, effort, cost and schedule estimates and the actual data, product quality measurement data, demand change and risk analysis data.
Should pay attention to software configuration management and configuration management tools. The main purpose of configuration management in the project throughout the software life cycle software projects to establish and maintain the integrity of the product, the system control to change the configuration items and software engineering asset management organizations. Configuration management of the content of numerous complex rights management, development or procurement of a suitable configuration management tool is essential.
CMM assessment in our development, we must pay attention to intellectual import, hire foreign teachers to China, director of assessment for process evaluation, but also strive to cultivate our own appraisers competent director. This is because China is not only a potential IT power, but also because of CMM implementation and is closely related to a country's culture. In addition, to improve the software process itself is a process that requires long-term access to a qualified director help appraisers. Authorities should support all walks of life and support the director of training our own appraiser, the appraiser training director as new ideas and new knowledge, new products. To fully understand the long-term process improvements and arduous. Upgrade process maturity is a process in itself, but also a life cycle. Therefore, the process improvement work with all the process must have inherent characteristics, not quick success.
In the CMM assessment, it is necessary to promote the Capability Maturity Model CMM and PSP Personal Software Process and Team Software Process ISP organically integrated, and close attention to new trends in process improvement. Throughout the software industry authorities should support and coordination, the overall strength of the community and increase the software process improvement research, evaluation and implementation of efforts to push forward China's software industry. First of all in-house team of process improvement to establish a large, active research, practice and promote process improvement. CMM Director of appraisers carefully established team, carefully set up the doors of the course team of qualified teachers. But also through the mechanism of market competition, process improvement support and the establishment of advisory bodies and intermediaries.
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